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Definitions R - W
Calibration Definitions
Requirement for
quality: Expression
of the needs or their translation into a set of quantitatively or qualitatively stated requirements for the
characteristics of an entity to enable its realization and examination.
Radiation: A method of transmission of energy.
Range: (1) Extent of coverage of effectiveness. (2) Measure of
distance.
Ratio Bridge: A bridge circuit that uses a calibrated resistive or calibrated
inductive voltage divider for one side of the bride.
Reference
Line: A line from which all other
measurements are taken.
Reference
Plane: A reference lie that has been
rotated through 360 degrees.
Repeatability: Same reading each time for the same solution.
Resonance: An excited state of a stable particle causing a sharp maximum in
the probability of absorption of electromagnetic radiation.
Restoring
Force: The constant mechanical force
provided.
RHO: The magnitude of the reflection coefficient.
Scale: (1) Something graduated when used as a measure or rule. A series
of spaces marked by lines to indicate the magnitude of some quantity. (2) A weighing device.
Scintillation
Counter: A device used for the detection of
radioactivity.
Secondary
Emission: Electron emission that is the
direct result of the impact of electrons against a surface.
Seeback
Effect: The EMF produced in a circuit
containing two contacting conductors of different metals having two junctions at different
temperatures.
Sensitivity: Full scale output divided by the rated capacity of a given
transducer / load cell.
Sensor: Element of measuring instrument or measuring chain that is
directly or indirectly affected by the measurand.
Servo System: A electromechanical system which is used for positioning one
element of a system in relation to another.
Shear: A deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain
parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves.
Solenoid
Valve: A valve actuated by a solenoid
for controlling the flow of gases or liquid in pipes.
Span: Modules of the difference between the two limits of a normal
range.
Solid: The state in which a substance has no tendency to flow under
moderate stress.
Specifications:
The range of values or numerical value which ties the performance of the product parameter.
Spectrum: (1) The entire range of wavelengths within which electromagnetic
radiations occur. (2) A segment of wavelengths which has a special function or possesses special
properties.
Stability: The ability of a measuring instrument to maintain constant
metrological characteristics with time.
Standard: (1) Conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or
value. (2) a basis for comparison. (3) the ideal in terms of which something can be judged.
Standard
Deviation: A mathematical quantity used to
characterize the dispersion of results.
Standard Operating
Conditionsstandard temperature and pressure
(STP): Defined temperature and pressure
to which all values are referenced for comparison.
Standard
Pressure: The pressure exerted by a column
of mercury exactly 760 mm high.
Standard
Uncertainty: Uncertainty of the result of a
measurement expressed as a standard deviation.
Strain: Deformation of a material body under the action of applied
forces.
Straightness: The uniformity of direction throughout the extent of that
feature.
Stress: Force that produces strain on a physical body.
Stroboscope: Scientific instrument that provides a flashing light synchronized
with the periodic movement of an object.
Subcontractor: Organization that provides a product to the supplier.
Supplier: Organization that provides a product to a customer.
Surface
Tension: The tendency of the surface of
a liquid to contract.
Tachometer: An instrument for measuring rotational speed in revolutions per
minute.
Temperature
Coefficient: The change in measured value
per unit change in temperature.
Temperature
Compensation: The method of reducing the
effect of a change in temperature on a force measuring instrument.
Terminal
Linearity: Ratio of the actual error
voltage in the output to the total input voltage.
Termination: The load connected to the output end of a circuit or transmission
line.
Testing: A means of determining the capability of an item to meet
specified requirements by subjecting the item to a set of physical, chemical, environmental or operation
actions and conditions.
Test
Instrument: The device being compared
with the calibration standard.
Test Line
Limit: The pass or fail
limit.
Theodolite: A optical instrument used for measuring horizontal or vertical
angles.
Thermistor: A semiconductor device made of materials whose resistance varies
as a function of temperature.
Tilt
Graticule: A graduate reticule used in
Collimators for measuring vertical and horizontal tilt, or angular deviation.
Time: Measurement of duration.
Torque: Cause of rotary motion. It is equal to the applied force
multiplied by the distance from the center of rotation.
Torr: 1/760 of and atmosphere.
Total quality
management: Management approach of an
organization, centered on quality based on the participation of its member and aiming at long-term success
through customer satisfaction and benefits of all members of the organization and to society.
Traceability: Ability to trace the history, application, or location of an
entity by means of recorded identification.
Transducer: A device that provides an output quantity having a determined
relationship to the force.
Transfer: Standard used as in intermediary to compare standards.
True Mass: Mass as measured in a vacuum.
Uncertainty: A parameter, associated with the result of a measurement that
characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measured.
Unit: A value, quantity, or magnitude of which other values,
quantities, or magnitudes are expressed.
Vacuum: Any pressure below atmospheric.
Velocity
Constant: The time rate of change of
position.
Velocity
Constant: The ratio of the velocity of
propagation in a transmission line to the velocity of light.
Verification: Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence
that specified requirements have been filled.
Vibration: Mechanical oscillations or motion about a reference point or
equilibrium.
Viscosity: Resistance of a liquid to sheer forces (and hence to
flow).
VSLI: Very Large Scale Integration.
Volatile: Readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature.
Volume: The amount of space which matter occupies.
Wave Front: A surface composed at any instant of all the points just reached
by a vibration disturbance in its propagation through a medium.
Weight: The force of gravity acting on an object.
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